Tirukkural - Porut paal (Part 2) – WEALTH -
Arasial
CONTENTS
Wealth
: Politics –
Arasial:
39 The Greatness of a King
40
Education
41 Illiteracy
42
Listening to the Learned
43
On Wisdom
44
Correcting faults
45
Seeking guidance of the Great men
46
Not to join mean people
47 Doing things with forethought
48
Assessment of strengths and resources
49
Right Timing
50 To know the place of action
51
The Selection of
Personnel
52
Selection and Employment
53
Cherishing Kinsmen
54 Not to be complacent (Vigilance)
55 The
Righteous Rule
56 The cruel rule
57
Not to terrorize the people
58
The
Compassion
59 The profession of spying
60 The
Zeal
61 Not to be lazy
62
The Manly Effort
63
Not to be shaken by problems
Amaicchu Iyal :
64
The Council of Ministers
65 The Power of Speech
66 Purity
of Action
67 Firmness
in Action
68 Modes
of execution
69
Envoys
70
The conduct before a king
71
Reading mind by signs
72
Judging the Audience
73
Not to have Stage Fear
AraN Iyal :
74 The
Country
75 Fortress
Koozhiyal :
76 Means
of making Wealth
Padai Iyal
: 77 The glory of Army
78 The Military Pride
Natpu Iyal : 79 Friendships
80
Testing Friendship
81 Intimate
Friendship
82 Evil Friendship
83 False
Friendship
84 On Folly or Stupidity
85
Self-importance (Vanity)
86
Hostility
87 The Might
of Enmity
88 Assessing Enemies
89 Internal Enemies
90
Offend not the Great
91
Blind Obedience to Wife
92
The Immoral Women
93
Not to drink Liquor
94
Gambling
95
Medicines
Kudi Iyal :
96
Noble Births
97
Self - Respect
98
Greatness
99
The Inspiring Worthiness
100
The Civility
101
Fruitless Wealth
102 Sense of Shame
103 Uplifting one`s Tribe
104
Agriculture
105
Poverty
106 Seeking Alms
107 The fear of Begging
108 Meanness (Low thinking, evil deeds and bad
habits)
Tirukkural - Porut paal (Part 2) - WEALTH
Arasial : 39 The Greatness
of a King
A
king possessing the following six things viz.; army, dutiful citizens, wealth, wise
ministers, firm allies and sturdy fortress; is considered a lion among the
kings. 381
A
king should possess in full measure without any deficiency at any time the
qualities of bravery, generosity, wisdom and vigour. 382
A
king blessed to rule should ever possess three qualities viz., alertness,
learning and bravery. 383
A
praiseworthy king is he, who veers not from the path of virtue, curbs the
unrighteous deeds, lacks not valour and upholds the dignity. 384
A
Government should create and enlarge additional revenue, consolidate and preserve
the available wealth; and distribute the resources for common good. 385
Subjects
of a kingdom will talk high of the king who is easy to access, kind-hearted,
speaks sweet, listens patiently and relieves grievances of the people. 386
If
a ruler speaks sweet words and generous in distribution to the needy, his sway
will extend to any area of the globe; over which he dreams to exercise control. 387
Subjects
respect the king as supreme, when he is upright in his rule protecting the peoples’
interests. 388
When
a king is tolerant to severe censure, the whole world will come under him.389
A
king, blessed with four qualities viz., the generosity, kindness, rule of law, and
concern for peoples` welfare; shines as a leading light among the kings. 390
40 Education
Whatever
the subject one studies, let one study it free from fault. Having studied all that to be learnt, let one stand
by those principles. 391
The
wise consider numbers and letters as two eyes of the people on this earth. 392
The
learned are said to have eyes and the illiterates are deemed to have two eye sockets
of sore. 393
The
duty of scholars is to share their precious knowledge with the public, making
the event unforgettable and joyful; creating a longing for the next meet. 394
A man who seeks knowledge from the learned like a
beggar who stoops before the wealthy, is revered as learned and the one who
learns not so is a lowly man. 395
The
sand-bed spews-out water to the level it is dug deep, so also the knowledge of
a subject matter swells up to the extent it is studied pryingly. 396
To
the learned, who is a celebrity, any country and/or town would become his own. Why
then one should remain an illiterate till the last days? 397
The
education obtained by a person in his life time, will not only protect himself
but also his clan over the next seven generations. 398
Scholars
desire to learn more, when they see people enjoy knowledge in the course of
their discourses / interactions; as much as they enjoyed while learning. 399
For
anybody education is the most desirable, indestructible and enduring wealth. The
other things are no wealth at all.
400
41 Illiteracy
Facing
a learned assembly without gaining full knowledge in ancient texts, is similar
to one playing the chess without a square board. 401
Uneducated
person desiring to speak in a learned assembly is similar to the desire of a
girl with no breasts wishing for the bliss of womanhood. 402
Even
the untutored are deemed worthy, if they restrain from talking before the learned. 403
Even
when the natural wisdom and talk of an unlearned man is quite logical and
impressive, the wise do not recognise them. 404
The
self-assumption of a person that he is knowledgeable gets exposed, when he
dares to discuss the subject in an assembly of the learned. 405
The
illiterates just exist and they are no better than a barren land which gives no
yield. 406
Good
looks of one`s human form without a deep and wide knowledge, is likened to the enticing
look of a clay-doll painted in rich colours. 407
Wealth
that comes into the hands of an illiterate is more pitiful than the poverty suffered
by learned scholars.
408
An
untutored though born in a higher family is considered inferior, as compared to
the pride of a well-educated hailing from lower segment of the society. 409
As
compared to those who studied intensively the renowned Texts, others are no
better than those animals that co-exist in the midst of men. 410
42 Listening to the Learned
Wealth
gained from listening is the wealth of wealth, which is above all the other
wealth. 411
When
there is no food to the ears, something is fed even to the stomach to quench
the hunger. 412
Men
possessing knowledge listening to talks of scholars, are respected on earth equal
to the wise; who survive on the offerings of holy fire. 413
It
is good for an illiterate to listen to the scholars as that knowledge would prove
a supportive staff when in distress. 414
Words
of the disciplined are helpful like the stick that supports one on a slippery
ground. 415
Let
one listen to the words of truth howsoever brief. Even a few words will confer on one a distinct
and dignified personality. 416
When
one is gifted with perfect knowledge acquired by keen study or listening to the
scholars, one will not speak insensibly even where a point was misread. 417
Even
a receptive ear is deemed deaf, when not exposed to hearing the scholarly discourses. 418
One
cannot be soft, sweet and dignified in speech, unless one is a keen listener.419
If
men are more prone to satisfy the taste buds than listening to the discourses
of learned men, what does it matter whether such men do live or die? 420
43 On Wisdom
Wisdom
is the weapon that safeguards one when in disaster. It is the indestructible
fortress which cannot be cracked even by a strongest enemy. 421
Wisdom
controls the mind from aimless roaming, besides guiding it from the evil to a good
path. 422
Whatever
be the subject matter and whoever has spoken it, one`s wisdom should find out
its true worth before acceptance. 423
One
should convey personal thoughts ably in simple and an impressive language, and
also be receptive to those fine ideas coming from the mouths of others. 424
Comradeship
is to be friendly towards everyone encompassing the entire world. The wise allow
not a friendship to bloom or shrivel in haste like the lotus flower. 425
Wisdom
is to go along with the standards and practices of the world keeping pace with
the new trends.
426
Wise
foresee the events likely to crop-up in future, and those who lack that insight
are fools. 427
It
is stupidity not to fear evil deeds that ought to be feared. The wise by nature fear those evils that
should be feared.
428
There
will be no sudden shock or pain to those who possess the wisdom to foresee and
guard against the apparent evils.
429
Those
who have wisdom are deemed to possess everything, whereas those who have other things except the good judgment are said
to own nothing. 430
44 Correcting
faults
The
supremacy of men with no vanity, anger and nastiness carries with it a prideful
greatness. 431
The
negative qualities viz., greed, arrogance, and weakness for cheap pleasures are
harmful to a leader.
432
Those
conscious of preserving their reputation free from blame, will treat even a
millet size crime as big as the Palmyra tree.
433
As
crimes give rise to enmity likely to prove fatal, let one be sincerely on guard
against the evil. 434
Life
of one who fails to guard against the probable shocks will be ruined, like the
haystack situated next to a fire. 435
What
fault would accrue to a leader who removes his own follies before looking into
the others? 436
A
miser’s wealth, not used for worthy causes, will get ruined without any
increase in its value. 437
The
quality of greed and attachment to things called miserliness stands alone and
it cannot be equated with any other common fault. 438
Admire
not yourself any day on the supposed status. So also, attempt not a feat that
does not do any good. 439
If
one enjoys and guards against personal weakness keeping it a top secret, it
will negate the enemy’s evil intent to exploit one’s weakness for want of information.
440
45 Seeking
guidance of the Great men
The
proximity of virtuous wise men should be sought on merits judging their value
and mature wisdom.
441
One
should seek and nourish with care the company of wise men, capable of removing
one’s current ills besides averting the looming evils. 442
To
have the elderly wise men as one’s personal advisors, is a rarest of the rare
achievements. 443
The
men far greater guiding self remaining by the side, is a strongest feature of
one’s strength.
444
A
king ruling the country through advisors using them as eyes, should choose most
knowledgeable thinkers for placement in the advisory council. 445
An
enemy cannot do any harm unto one, who is capable of conducting one’s affairs under
able guidance of worthy men. 446
Who
will have the ability to harm a leader, who keeps by side benign critics to chastise
when he goes wrong and also to admire him for a righteous act? 447
A
king, who has no protective cover of the learned critics to point out his
mistakes or wrongs, will get ruined even without the presence of a powerful foe. 448
Those
devoid of resources for investment will have no earnings. Similarly those short
of pillar like support of the allies will have no stability. 449
It
is tenfold more risky to sever the link of good men, than incurring at one time
the enmity of several terrible foes. 450
46 Not to
join mean people
The
virtuous wise men fear instinctively the company of mean men, whereas the vile
mix with the wicked as their own kin. 451
The
water loses its uniqueness absorbing the properties of soil it flows through. Similarly,
men absorb the dominant trait/knowledge of their close associates. 452
For
men the maturity level depends on the exposure of mind (through mingling and
watching). But one’s grading as great or mean is decided on one’s company. 453
Wisdom
though appears to relate to one`s mind, it is moulded by the attitude of a
group in which one mingles with. 454
The
clarity in thought and decisiveness in action, these too things accrue to one
from the association of a company that is pure. 455
Men
of pure mind will have righteous children and good name. To those blessed with good friends, there is
no work that will not succeed. 456
Purity
of mind confers prosperity on the lives of this earth. So also a virtuous company gets one all the honours. 457
Though
wise men are gifted with ingenuity of mind, a worthy company adds to their
strength providing a protective cover. 458
Purity
of mind earns good name and a lasting fame even after one`s death. That is further reinforced by a praise-worthy
fellowship that lasts long. 459
There
is no better support to one than the company of good men. So also nothing else
causes more harm than an evil association. 460
47 Doing things with forethought
One
should venture on a plan only after assessing the probable expenses, potential
revenue and net profit likely to be made from the said enterprise. 461
No
task is impossible to achieve by those, who do things after due analysis of the
proposed project by consulting experts in the field. 462
The
wise do not encourage a project, the profits of which are doubtful and likely
to wipe off the very capital investment. 463
One
who fears the disgrace of being ridiculed at failure, will not start a project
the success of which is not assured. 464
Waging
a war without analysing one’s strength and about its impact will strengthen the
enemy, for it is like planting the sapling in a well laid-out soil bed. 465
One
should not go for a feat that ought not to be tried, and so also one should not
fail an act which should be done; for a looming ruin is certain in both the
cases.466
Take
up any work after due deliberation. It is stupid to commence a project before
studying its viability, believing that it could be tackled or mused over later
on. 467
Efforts
not made rightly will fail in case of an impractical project, despite many a
resourceful men offering maximum support to its execution. 468
Even
while doing good there is a likely-hood of going wrong, when one dares to do it
without probing into the moral fibre and merits of men receiving the benefit. 469
One
shall plan and do a thing which will not be ridiculed by the wise, because the world
does not endorse absurd deeds that do not go well with its standards. 470
48 Assessment of strengths and resources
One
should try an assignment only after considering the relative strengths of one’s
own, the opponents and the allies on either side. 471
If
a man finds out what is possible to do by him and pursues it with grit, there is
nothing that he cannot achieve. 472
Many
jump into action rashly without knowing their real strength, and such men break
down and pack-off mid-way without completing the ventured project. 473
A
person not in harmony with neighbours, knows not his limitations and jumps into
action hastily over-estimating the personal talents; he will get ruined
fast. 474
Even
the light in weight Peacocks’ feathers will break the axle of a vehicle when
over-loaded. 475
A
man who having reached the topmost branch of a tree tries to move further up,
that attempt would prove fatal to life.
476
Let
a man give to the needy after knowing his reserve level of resources, for it is
the safe way to do charity without eroding into one`s wealth. 477
Even
if the source of income happens to be small there is no harm, provided the exit
point per expenses widens not. 478
The
life of a man living beyond his means might initially look prosperous, but that
erratic richness will fade out soon with no trace of it. 479
The
generosity that doles out freely, without watching the reserve limit of resources,
will shrivel fast causing a steady decline in one’s assets. 480
49
Right Timing
The
weaker crow subdues a strong owl during the day time. So also, even to a king capable of overriding
mighty kings, a fitting moment is required for sure win. 481
If
one acts choosing a right season, it is the cord that binds wealth to one for
long preventing its decline.
482
Is
there any work that cannot be finished, if one attempts to do it with
appropriate equipments choosing a right time?
483
Even
if one wants to have the entire world under one’s command, it is possible
provided one chooses a correct time; and a fitting place to act upon. 484
One
wanting to win the world keeps cool, waiting for an apt moment to put through
his plan. 485
The
restraint of a bouncy and daring man is prelude to the sudden attack on an
enemy, like the hind move of a belligerent ram before delivering its’ death
blow. 486
A
wise king exhibits not his anger except to fret and fume within, till he gets a
fitting moment to fight. 487
Put
up with an enemy when you happen to see him by chance, because when fatal hour
arrives it is certain that an enemy’s head will roll on the battle-field. 488
When
an exceptional opportunity crops up to achieve a rarest deed, it is the right
moment for one to execute it instantly. 489
Be
relaxed like a stork that waits till a lavish fish glides through the running waters;
but be swift to attack the prey like that bird at the right moment. 490
50 To know
the place of action
Do
not do anything just for waging an attack or to exhibit your hatred towards a
foe, till you are sure about the place of win. 491
Even
to a mighty king who surpasses his foes, the existence of a strong and secure
fort will provide many a tactical advantage.
492
Even
those not gifted with a mighty force will turn powerful as to win a foe, if
they act tactfully knowing the unguarded weak spots of a battle-field. 493
When
a daring army takes on its foes from the pre-surveyed tricky positions and
mounts its mauling attack, the foes who dreamt a sure win will lose their
hopes.494
Crocodile
enjoys great strength in deep waters, but when on land other animals subdue it.
495
The
tall chariots fitted with big wheels cannot move on water surface. So also, the ship that sails smoothly in oceans
cannot move on the land. 496
For
sure win no other help is needed but courage, provided one analyses every strategic
position omitting no detail; and attacks choosing the right location. 497
Even
a king with huge army will lose his fighting spirits, when he has to fight from
a place tactically helpful to the enemy though escorted only by a small army. 498
It
is hard to beat an enemy at his home ground, even when not supported by a
strong fort or the special advantages. 499
The
fearless elephant that lifts a spear-holding soldier in its tusk, will be
killed even by a fox; when its’ sturdy legs get sunk in a marshy spot. 500
51 The Selection of Personnel
The
selection of personnel shall be made subject to fulfilling four tests viz., honesty,
not greedy, free from temptations, and undaunted at risk to life. 501
Select
and trust one who hails from a good family, free from crime, and the one who
has an inborn sense of shame to fear disgrace.
502
When
assessed objectively it is rare to find one without an element of ignorance,
even among the most learned men.
503
Explore
into the good and bad qualities of a person, of the two traits find out which
is more and decide one’s character on the basis of dominant quality. 504
It
is individual actions either good or bad that serve as a benchmark to decide
the greatness or meanness of any person. 505
Choose
not men having no relatives, for in the absence of love and affection such men will
have no hold in life and hence will not shy away from the sinful acts. 506
Choosing
the incompetent because of one`s personal love, will bring unto one all the grief
of an unconcealed folly.
507
Selection
of a stranger without proper enquiry will give rise to endless woes, affecting even the happiness of future
generations. 508
Choose
not anyone without proper enquiry. Having selected personnel entrust them jobs suiting each one’s talent capable of best
results. 509
Choosing
a person without proper inquiry and the tendency to doubt a person after
selection; both of these two qualities would cause irreparable misery. 510
52 Selection and Employment
Employ
a person who is prone to choose the good, after due study of both the good and
evil. 511
Let
a task be done by one capable of augmenting income as to utilise the resources
to promote welfare, duly conferred with the acumen to solve the likely hurdles. 512
Selection
should strictly be from those who possess the four qualities viz., loyalty, intelligence,
clarity of thinking, and no lure for money, women or property. 513
Whatever
be the mode by which men are tested and selected, many undergo a change in
their outlook on placement in a job. 514
One
should not engage a person (out of personal love) as the best man, unless one
is knowledgeable and able to execute a job patiently. 515
Let
one get done a well planned job, through a person found fit to carry out the
said job; within the pre-set time-frame. 516
Let
one be entrusted with a job after ensuring that whether ‘this man, through this
means; will finish this work’?
517
When
a person proves his fitness to do a job, let him be made in-charge and accountable to that job. 518
The
riches of a person would leave him, when he doubts the involvement shown by a
sincere worker; exhibiting signs of intimacy while executing the assigned job.
519
Let
a king supervise daily the progress made in State activities. If the Officials are upright and duty conscious,
citizens too will fall in line to abide by the law. 520
53
Kinsmen cherishing relationship
Even
when everything is lost, the quality of supporting one in distress recalling
the past intimacy can be noticed only among the close relations. 521
If
one is fortunate to have relatives who cease not to shower love in any
situation, such a support will confer on one many such recurrent benefits with
no break. 522
A
life devoid of sociability among close relations is akin to a bund-less tank
getting filled in with the rain water. 523
The
benefit of getting rich is to get encircled by one’s relatives from every
social level of the family-tree. 524
If
a man is courteous with soft speech, he will be surrounded by relations one
after the other. 525
None
else in this world will have as many relatives as the one, who exhibits no
anger besides being liberal. 526
The
crow hides not but invites its group to share the food found. The prosperity also blesses only such men who
share their surplus with the needy. 527
If
a king confers privileges on his subjects weighing each one’s merits, many will
appreciate that sense of equity; and would like to stay forever under his rule. 528
Close
companions once but left of their own on some difference of opinion will be
friends again, when the reason causing that separation disappears. 529
When
a person who left the king per force of circumstance comes back to rejoin on some
valid reason, let intention be tested and satisfied before granting the wish.530
54 Not to be complacent (Vigilance)
The
care-free nature forgetting to be alert due to elated joy is more dangerous than
the limitless anger. 531
The
casual nature arising from conceit will kill one’s fame, similar to the utter starvation
that destroys one`s sense of understanding. 532
There
is no lasting fame to those forgetful. It is the decisive view across the world
of all those thinkers representing different schools of thought. 533
The
presence of a strong fort and other defences are of no use to those who fear the
war. Similarly, the wealth and other resources are of no use to the unworried. 534
One
failing to guard self in advance against the possible mishap, will have to
worry over one’s folly at leisure when the ruin visits. 535
If
one could afford to be ever alert towards every one and any time
unfailingly, nothing like that. 536
Nothing
is impossible to be achieved, if one acts not forgetfully making use of the
tool of alertness. 537
Let
one do sincerely praise-worthy deeds upheld by the wise. If one scorns to do such creditable deeds, there
is no getaway over the next seven generations. 538
When
one is inactive absorbed by an extreme happiness, let one think of those ruined
for having been unworried.
539
It
is easy to achieve whatever one wants to attain, provided one thinks of it constantly.
540
55 The Righteous
Rule
A
detailed probe into a dispute, no lenience unto any one, impartiality and discussion with the legal experts and codes
of law is the way to render justice.
541
The
entire world survives looking up to rains.
So also citizens of a country look up to the king for protection. 542
King’s
sceptre is the source of ethical codes of conduct and to the scriptures taught
by righteous men known as ‘Andhanars’. 543
The
world stands at the feet of a king, who rules the country keeping in mind the
interests and welfare of the people.
544
The
seasonal rains and rich harvests will together be in plenty in a land, which is
ruled righteously in accord with the principles of natural justice and fairness. 545
It
is sceptre and not the weaponry that brings victory to a king, provided he is
impartial. 546
King
protects al people in his country. Righteousness protects a king, who exercises
his power not violating the rule of law. 547
A
King not easy to access and who conducts not proper probe before a verdict will
get ruined by his own conduct.
548
Protecting
subjects from external danger and promoting their welfare is bound to punish
the evil doers; which act is not a blemish but the duty of a king. 549
The
king punishing murderous criminals with death sentence is akin to removing weeds
found in the midst of growing crops. 550
56
The cruel rule
A
king extorting people by suppression and engaging in unrighteous deeds is worse
than an accomplished killer.
551
A
king holding the regal staff demanding more and
more taxes from citizens, is akin
to the act of armed robber bullying wayfarers to lay down their belongings.552
A
king, who seeks not regular reporting from the administrative set-up and fails to
render prompt justice, will push the country to the point of its ruin day-by-day.
553
The
king who drifts away from righteous path and conducts himself with no foresight
will lose both the wealth and good-will of his subjects. 554
Tears
shed by citizens due to unbearable sufferings meted out by a tyrant king, will
turn into a weapon that erodes the riches of a kingdom. 555
It
is the righteous rule that gives stability to a king. If the rule is unjust and cruel, the aura of
fame will not decorate a king. 556
Failure
of rains is grief to the world. So also
living is misery under the rule of a cruel king with no compassion. 557
Being
wealthy under the unrighteous rule of a tyrant is more sorrowful than the dreadful
poverty. 558
If
a king drifts away from the path of righteousness and indulges in unjust acts, the
rain bearing clouds too will depart from the location failing seasonal rains. 559
If
a king fails to rule, the revenue accruing over three periods (viz., past,
present and the future) will decline. Men
of six trades will forget the related Texts. 560
57 Not
to terrorize the people
King
should inquire into disputes as per equity norms and mete out balanced punishment,
so that the said offence was not attempted again. 561
A
king desiring to be in power for long shall pretend being harsh but remain gentle
while handing down the punishment to an offender. 562
If
the king happens to be a tyrant engaging in scornful acts causing fear in the
subjects is sure to get ruined very soon. 563
The
frustrating words expressed by subjects “Our king is cruel”, will cut short the
king’s Rule and he is sure to meet an early ruin. 564
A
king difficult to access and stern faced, his huge wealth will give a look of
the treasure guarded by a ghost. 565
If
a king speaks harsh showing no compassion, his huge wealth will not increase
but perish in no time. 566
Harsh
speech and undue punishment by a king will prove a filing tool, as to wear out
the fighting power of a king. 567
If
a king acts impulsively not consulting his Council of Ministers and bursts with
anger at them in case of failure; his prosperity will dwindle. 568
A
king failing to get ready his defence in advance to prevent the entry of enemy,
he will be seized by fear and perish soon. 569
There
is no other dead weight to the earth as great as the stupidity of a despot, who
keeps around him the illiterates and cheats as advisors. 570
58 The Compassion
This
world keeps moving because of the presence of that alluring beauty called ‘sympathy’. 571
Progress
of the world is proportionate to the presence of compassion. The existence of
those with no sympathy is deemed more a dead weight to the earth. 572
What
is the use of those musical notes not in accord with a song? So also what purpose do the eyes serve if they
reflect no kindness? 573
Except
for seeming presence of eyes on one’s face, how they could be of any help;
unless they shower kindness as required in regulated measure. 574
The
compassion is an ornament to the eyes. Short of kindness the eyes are
considered as sores.
575
Those
exhibiting no sympathy to others despite having eyes are like the tree nodes
that get buried deep into the soil. 576
Those
without kindness are deemed to possess no eyes.
Those who are said to have eyes cannot be without compassion.
577
This
world belongs to the one, who shows sympathy in the required measure; with no
hurdle to discharge of one’s duties. 578
Chief
virtue of a civilized conduct is to be tolerant and kind, even unto those who
caused injury. 579
Those
desiring to maintain a gracious approach, will consume the food mixed with poison
before their very eyes. 580
59 The
profession of spying
A
ruler should consciously ensure two things as his eyes viz., the Espionage and Texts
esteemed by the wise worldwide. 581
The
king should get posted instantly with all information about the events that
take place any time in relation to every person in his State. 582
The
king failing to draw right conclusions from intelligence reports of the spies;
has no other way out to sustain his crown. 583
Spying
is the act of secret observation of each one’s activity in relation to the public
servants, close relatives and enemies.
584
A
spy should be capable of assuming a form that creates no alarm or suspicion, fear not when stared at and disclose not
anywhere the purpose of his visit.
585
A
spy should gather information from all sources and places, if necessary masking
as a saint and he should not buckle whatever is done to him. 586
A
spy should have access to the secretive meetings through one of its group and
ensure that the information so gathered is precise and free from ambiguity. 587
The
information gathered by one spy should be got verified through another and accepted
only on confirmation of its accuracy. 588
Ensure
that one spy is not aware of the employ of another spy for same job. A spy’s report
should be accepted, if it tallies with the contents of three such reports. 589
Do
not reward or honour a spy in public and if done it would amount to exposing
the secret thyself. 590
60 The Zeal
The
one who has enthusiasm is said to possess wealth. Those with no zeal cannot be deemed to possess
what they claim? 591
The
real wealth is gritty self-confidence and the possession of any other wealth will
disappear with no trace of its presence. 592
Those
who have
will-power and steadfastness as their permanent
wealth, will never
have an occasion to say that; “We lost our wealth”. 593
The
wealth goes in search of the path of a hard working person with unrelenting
zeal to increase his richness.
594
The
stem of a lotus flower grows to the level of water in a tank. So also the
prosperity of a man is in proportion to his intense efforts. 595
Whatever
you think or plan let it be on a high plane.
Even when such high goals fail, it is equal to having achieved your
objective. 596
Men
with bubbling spirits never lose heart despite debacles. They are like a male elephant that sticks to
the battle-field, despite hail of arrows piercing its body. 597
Those
with no zeal for unrelenting efforts will not attain the prideful status of
being held as the most generous by the world. 598
An
elephant though huge in its body with sharp tuskers will be scared at a leaping
tiger relatively small in size. 599
One’s
strength is the ardent zeal. Those devoid of zeal are just logs not human
beings, because the qualities that make a human being are different. 600
61 Not to be lazy
The light of ever glowing family pride will lose its
shine and fade out, when the soot of idleness covers it. 601
Those wishing to place their tribe on a strong
foundation should work hard as to force the laziness to go lazy. 602
When a person gets adapted to laziness, his clan will ebb
out much before he leaves his human frame. 603
Those who fall a prey to laziness and
remain idle making no big efforts
to grow, their tribe will peter
out being exposed to multiple crimes. 604
Those who are sure to perish will be too eager to
board the luring boats of four bad qualities viz., negligence, forgetfulness,
laziness, and sleep. 605
The lazy can hardly attain any significant gain, even
if they were to get generous support of the wealthy.
606
Those prone to remain idle making no major efforts for
growth will become a pathetic target for rebuke and scorn. 607
If laziness is allowed to dwell within a family, it
will be enslaved to its foes. 608
The deficiency that had come into a family will
disappear, when one takes to hard-work from laziness. 609
A king freed from laziness will get back together all that
wealth lost in the past due to sloth.
610
(Text: “Madiyila mannavan eidhum madi aLandhu aanRaayadu ellaam orungu”)
62 The
Manly Effort
Give up not a feat assuming it as unattainable,
because one’s sincere efforts will get laudable success.
611
When engaged in a work do not give it up unfinished. The
world ignores those deserting midway a work unfinished. 612
The pride of being helpful to the needy, lies in the
greatness of one`s ceaseless efforts. 613
Charity to the
needy by
one who lacks efforts
to increase his wealth, is bound to fail
like the sword in the hands of
a coward lacking swordsmanship. 614
The one opting work to pleasure will prove a
supportive pillar to relations in relieving their sorrow. 615
Ceaseless efforts help one increase the wealth,
whereas absence of hard work pushes one into the misery of wants.
616
Wise say that the murky lady of misery (‘Maamugady’)
resides in laziness. The beaming lady of fortune (‘ThaamaraiyinaaL’)
dwells in one`s steady efforts. 617
The dearth of opportunity or means is not a disgrace to
anyone. But a man with knowledge keeping
idle effortless to achieve a goal is shameful. 618
One`s efforts might fail because of overriding
contingent forces. Sincere
efforts will however fetch one fair wages matching the amount of toil. 619
Those working tirelessly, dismayed not
at the hurdles in the mid-way, will ensure that the overriding natural force
called ‘oozh’ takes to its heels. 620
63 Not to be shaken by problems
When the grief comes upon you, face it with a
smile. There is no better alternative to
get over the distress than by a smile. 621
Even flood-like hardship disappears when a man faces
it with poise. 622
Those disturbed not at the grief will cause misery unto
the misery itself. 623
If one nudges forward like a bull pushing aside the
hurdles on its way, the grief that comes upon one will itself face
obstacles. 624
When a person remains undisturbed and keeps moving despite
miseries visiting in a
chain, the misery itself will face obstacles. 625
The man who hoards not but shares a fortune with those
deserving needy, will never have a chance to grumble in poverty to say, “I lost
everything”. 626
The wise will not worry at the mishaps, for they are
aware that the human body is ordinarily open to sufferings. 627
One who seeks not the pleasures of life, but marches
ahead taking the sorrows as natural events, will never suffer grief. 628
A man not after pleasure at times of happy moments, will
never suffer grief at times of sorrowful circumstances. 629
When a person takes to mind an event of sorrow as real
joy, he will attain the admirable distinction of being adored even by enemies. 630
Amaicchu Iyal : 64
The Council of Ministers
The one well-versed in the ways and means, season and/or
timing besides the skill to execute a rare job is the fittest advisor.
631
One gifted with the courage, care for citizens,
textual learning and executive skill in full measure; besides the aforesaid five
qualities is fit to be a minister.
632
The one, capable of uniting the divided friends, fostering
and retaining the allies; implanting a seed of discord among the affable
opponents; is an able minister. 633
The one with expertise to assess feasibility of a project,
choose right ways and means for execution; and present ideas assertively is fit
to be an advisor. 634
One with the knowledge of ethics, eloquent, familiar
with the ways and means to execute a work in different situations shall be
chosen as an advisor.
635
If a minister is gifted with textual learning besides
the natural intuition, no other shrewd person could stand before him. 636
Even when one possesses faultless knowledge in the
Texts, it is advisable to act in accord with the wisdom of experience and prevailing
practices of the world. 637
Even where the king is neither aware nor listens to
other’s advice, it is the duty of advisors by his side to tell what is beneficial
to him. 638
It is preferable to have an enemy army of seven
hundred millions strong than a minister who conspires evil staying by the
side. 639
Despite perfect planning those devoid of skill in
execution will do things in a manner that gives no concrete result. 640
65
The Power of Speech
Possessing the skill for making a convincing speech is
unique wealth, which is not found in any other skill. 641
As the prosperity or ruin arises only from one`s speech,
let one guard against a slip of error in the speech. 642
A speech shall sustain listeners’ interest till the
end and create an interest to listen even in those who were not keen. 643
Speak discreetly judging the taste and type of
listeners. There is no greater virtue or
wealth than an impressive speech. 644
Speak a word selectively after making sure that there
is no any another word to excel that word. 645
The policy of eminent great men is to deliver an
impressive speech that makes the listeners stay engrossed, and to take the core
ideas from others’ speech. 646
For anyone with opposing views, it is hard to win over
a person, who is fearless gifted with eloquence and accurate knowledge on the
facts and figures. 647
If a person is capable of delivering cogently an impressive
and balanced speech; the world will volunteer to obey his command. 648
Only those who are
not able to
express
their ideas in a few chosen fault-free
words, will desire to explain a thing in too many words. 649
Those who cannot explain clearly in simple words what
they had learnt are like the bunch of flowers in full bloom but that emit no fragrance.
650
66 Purity of Action
Good friendship contributes to one’s prosperity. Purity
in action helps acquire everything else that one desires. 651
Any day let one keep away from such acts that give no
benefit with fame. 652
Those desirous of rising to high positions should
abstain from evil acts that tarnish their image. 653
Men with clear perception of things will not indulge
in disgraceful acts even when in the grip of misery.
654
Do not do a wrong that makes you feel guilty to bemoan,
“What wrong I have done“? If already
done, see that you do not repeat it again. 655
Even when a man sees his mother starve, let him not do
a scornful act that wise would condemn.
656
The extreme poverty suffered by worthy is superior to the
wealth amassed through sinful deeds. 657
To those who reject not but do those acts rejected as
contrary to morals, such acts even if they succeed would cause them grief. 658
All that acquired making others shed tears
will all disappear leaving one in tears. The
righteous wealth even when lost will yield good results later on. 659
Preserving the wealth made by cheating others is
similar to the act of preserving water in an unbaked clay-pot that
breaks-up.
660
67 Firmness
in Action
The steadfastness to finish a job is nothing but one’s
will power and the other skills are all minor in nature. 661
Not to go for an unsure project and if by mistake launched
not to get discouraged at failure, these two are guiding principles of the
wise.
662
The manly way of doing a thing is to make it public
only on completion. Boasting about one’s
plans even before achieving it will cause inconsolable sorrow. 663
It is easy for anyone to tell how to do a thing, but
it is hard to do a thing as told.664
The excellence of workmanship by a skilled man would
earn the king’s admiration and such
finished renowned works will be remembered long. 665
The planners bestowed with willpower to execute a
chosen work, will attain the objective as projected by them.
666
Belittle not any one seeing the form or size. The
world consists of people like the linchpin tiny in size, which helps a temple
car to roll out on the road.
667
A work decided to be taken up free from confusion should
be executed with no lethargy, if necessary even foregoing one`s sleep. 668
Do a job boldly if it promises joy in the end, even if
you suffer great pains in the course of its execution. 669
Whatever be other greatness or achievements, world
ignores the one who lacks resolve for completing a chosen job.
670
68 Modes
of execution
The deliberation on a project should result in
clear-cut decision. It is harmful to
allow that decision to remain unexecuted. 671
Do sleepily those deeds that could be done
slowly. But do not sleep over such deeds
that ought to be done with no delay, even foregoing one’s sleep. 672
Immediate action is good where amiable conditions
prevail. Where it is not possible, do things finding out the best alternative
means. 673
When the left-over of an unfinished work or enemy is
examined, it would prove dangerous like the half-doused cinder that blazes up
when exposed to air. 674
Do a thing after thorough study of five factors viz.,
resources, equipments, time, efforts and the location. 675
Take up a work to do after deep study about the mode
of its execution, the possible hurdles in its progress, and the net gain to
accrue on its completion.
676
One taking up a work should plan the method of its
execution, after discussing with an expert about the special needs of that job. 677
Getting done a second work along with the main
project, is like controlling a rogue elephant engaging one tamed elephant. 678
Making friends of those not in terms with one`s enemy
is most urgent than doing good unto one’s existing friend/s. 679
A small kingdom seeing its subjects trembling at the
sight of a huge army, it would submit to the strong foe seeking alliance; when an
offer for peace comes forth. 680
69 Envoys
The traits expected of an envoy are friendliness,
noble birth and civility. 681
Loyalty, wide-ranging knowledge, and expertise in a
language are the three essential qualities of an envoy. 682
An envoy on task should shine like scholar in an
assembly of the learned, to entice the Javelin bearing kings in support of his
master’s cause.
683
A person conferred with wisdom, an impressive look and
a great learning only shall aspire to play the role of an envoy. 684
Envoy shall bring forth benefits unto his king,
presenting precise facts as instructed to the opponent king; omitting harsh
words with a fair mix of wit. 685
An ambassador should be learned, fearless, carefree
and capable of direct gaze; with wisdom to present precise facts
impressively matching the situation.
686
He is the best envoy, who being conscious of his role
conveys attentively the instructed message using preferred words; opting for right
time and place. 687
Purity, good
rapport and fortitude are the three qualities required of an
envoy for delivering a message in its true form
and spirit as conveyed to him. 688
The envoy should be strong minded as not to allow even
per slip of the tongue any change, while conveying the instructed message to
the opponent king. 689
An ambassador is one, who brings benefit to his master
not fearing for life; even when there is a threat. 690
70 The conduct before a king
Those warming up before a fire should be neither too close
by nor far away from it. Similarly,
those moving with a whimsical king should maintain a fair distance. 691
Not longing for those things or privileges pertaining
to a king will fetch one lasting benefits from the king himself. 692
One desiring to guard self from being mistaken should be
free from serious fault. When a doubt creeps in, it is difficult for anyone to pacify
the king. 693
One should restrain from laughter and whisper while in
the company of a king or his inner circle advisers. 694
Do not overhear or pursue any issue discussed by the king
in a secret chamber. Let one listen to a secret, when the king himself lets it
out. 695
Study the mood and situation and tell impressively
such things that are pleasing and liked by the king. 696
Let one narrate to the king such tales that are to his
liking. Better not to speak of useless
topics any day even when requested. 697
One in the company of a king should conduct self
showing due respect to his glory and should not decry him claiming, ‘the king
is my relation or younger to me’.
698
Those with a flawless foresight will never engage in
undesirable acts, assuming that they are in the good books of a king. 699
When a man engages in unworthy acts believing that he
is intimate with the king, the assumed intimacy will cause him ruin. 700
71 Reading mind by signs
A man not briefed but capable of reading the mind from
one’s facial expressions is a precious gem to the world encircled by ageless
oceans. 701
A person capable of reading one’s inner mind precisely
beyond doubt is held on par with a super being.
702
Those capable of reading the inner thought from one’s
facial expressions should be taken into the advisory council, even giving them anything
from king’s chattels. 703
Those figuring out what was mused over in one’s mind
without telling, although resemble ordinary men in form, but they are a special
class by insight. 704
What is specialty of the eyes among sensory organs, if
they perceive not one’s real intention from external indicators? 705
Face reveals the nuance of thought in one’s mind, like
the crystal reflecting image of an object situated within its focal-point. 706
Is there anything else to excel the instant reflex of
a face? The facial effect bump forward to reveal the delicate feelings either anger
or grief. 707
The one in search of
a solution happen to find a mind reader, it will suffice for one to just
stand before him looking at his face. 708
To the person with expertise in varied types of eyes
and their looks, the eyes would show him which looks are friendly or hostile. 709
The measuring rod of intrinsic observers when examined
is nothing else but their own prying eyes.
710
72 Judging the Audience
The men of proficiency well-versed in the nuances of
words besides sharp knowledge should speak, after finding out the kind of
audience and its taste. 711
Those having advantage of making out fine difference
in between the words, should speak knowing the mood, intellect level
and taste of the audience. 712
Those who speak without knowing the awareness level of
audience, possess neither mastery over the subject nor know the nuances of language. 713
Be brilliant while talking to the wise, and show-up as
a lay-man before the fools like the mortar white of a plain sky. 714
Of all good qualities the foremost virtue is self-restraint
that cut-short not a senior’s speech in a learned assembly. 715
Committing a mistake before the learned endowed with
deep and vast knowledge, is similar to the guilt of drifting from righteous
path. 716
The erudition of a scholarly person shines only before
the assembly of veteran critics, who possess proficient knowledge over the
variances in words. 717
Speaking on a point of study before a widely-read
assembly of scholars is like watering the bed of growing plants. 718
Those capable of delivering a thought provoking
impressive speech in an assembly of the learned, better refrain from speaking the
same to fools even forgetfully. 719
The wise speaking in an assembly of the fools is like spill
of the nectar in a dirty court-yard. 720
73 Not to have Stage Fear
Men with mastery in words will assess the kind of
audience, and will not fail in their talk before an assembly of the erudite
scholars. 721
The person who presents his ideas convincingly in an
assembly of the learned will be admired as a most learned man among the
scholars.
722
There are many who die in the battle field displaying
surpassing bravery. But only a very few
do not shiver while facing an assembly of the learned. 723
Tell the learned impressively what you learnt, and also
acquire new knowledge from those more learned than thyself specializing in the
other subjects. 724
One should learn the subject of reasoning (Logics) to present
the views vehemently without fear, in reply to questions put by the well-educated
scholars. 725
What use is the sword to a person who knows not how to
ply it? How the Texts will help those
who fear facing an assembly of the scholars with deep learning? 726
Texts learnt by a person who fears an assembly of the
scholars, is akin to an untrained eunuch holding a gleaming sword in the midst
of foes. 727
Those not able to explain their learning credibly before
an assembly of scholars, are useless despite
varied learning. 728
A learned person fearing an assembly of the worthy men
is deemed worst of the illiterates. 729
Those who cannot present plausibly what they had
learnt fearing an assembly of scholars, though alive to breathe they are deemed
dead. 730
AraN Iyal :
74 The Country
The land consisting of a genial combination of
unfailing harvests, men of virtue and ever thriving generous minded rich men; is
deemed a great country. 731
A place liked for its riches, natural resources and
fertile lands yielding plentiful produce, with no attacks of pest or calamity
is the country.
732
A country is that which puts-up with cycle of burdens
(viz., famine, war, disaster etc.); and wherein its subjects pay up fully on
time all the taxes.
733
A country is the one which prospers free from famine, infectious
diseases and destructive enemy. 734
A region free from divisive groups, nagging internal rebels
and terrorist out-fits; prone to divert the king’s mind from good governance is
called a country. 735
A country that diminishes not in its riches, despite
the unheard scary ruins caused by a foe or nature’s fury, is esteemed as a
sparkling gem among the nations. 736
The two waters (surface and ground), natural cordoning
of rocky ranges with streams, and strong fortress
are the leading features of a thriving
country. 737
The five ornaments of a country are viz., disease free
condition, affluent resources, profuse harvests, general happiness and natural
protection from invasions. 738
The wise call the land that flourishes with no efforts
as a country, but the one which grows only on search and great toil is
not. 739
When a benign Ruler is not there, it is of no use even
when a kingdom is gifted with every other resources or wealth.
740
75 Fortress
Fortress is an asset even to an offensive mighty army.
So also the fort is a wealth to those who defend themselves out of fear. 741
Crystal clear streams, vast plains within the
fortress, mountains, thick forest ranges serve as natural barricades to a country. 742
The military manuals deem a structure as fortress,
when its walls possess the following four distinct adjuncts viz., well-built,
sturdy, fairly tall and wide. 743
The fortress shall consist within a vast plain requiring
no serious guard except for a small portion, but it should be such as to smash the
zeal of an invading enemy. 744
A fortress shall be durable with all comforts allowing
free movement of soldiers and people within, hoarded with adequate arsenal and grains
to bear a long seizure. 745
A fortress should contain all the things required for an
effective defense and also have a dutiful reserve force to lend instant help to
the fighting army.
746
A fortress is one, which is difficult to be captured either
by an effective total blockade or through a sly entry or per betrayal. 747
A fortress shall offer effective cover to its armed
forces and the public stationed within as to resist for long, and win over the
mighty foe laying a total seizure. 748
The fortress shall possess neo-strategic features that
enable the inmates to put up a strong resistance, performing heroic deeds to
defeat a foe in the battle-field. 749
Whatever be the exclusivity of defense features of a fort,
it is useless when a defending army lacks the needed training, skill and drive.
750
Koozhiyal : 76 Means of making Wealth
Wealth enables even worthless men command respect as
worthy, and hence there is no other wealth to compare with the supremacy of wealth.
751
The poor are ridiculed by all, but the rich are flattered
by everyone. 752
The wealth, an unfailing light reaches any country in
the world and helps drive out the darkness of
hostility prevailing therein. 753
The wealth gained through one’s honest efforts free
from foul ways, gives one the benefits of virtue and lasting happiness. 754
Addition of wealth by tainted means except those
acquired through kindness and love should not be accepted, instead such a
spurious asset should be rejected. 755
The untaken property, revenue from taxes and Customs
duty, and the war ransom paid by routed enemies are king’s exclusive revenue
adding to the Treasury. 756
Love gives rise to the child called kindness, which in
turn for its nourishment needs the care of a nurse called the wealth. 757
One launching a project with own savings as Capital,
is akin to the safe-watching of an elephant-fight standing atop the hill. 758
Make money, for it is the only sharper weapon to
destroy the pride of foes. 759
To those who earn bright money in plenty righteously, the
other two vitals of life viz., the virtue and love are easy to acquire simultaneously.
760
Padai Iyal : 77 The glory of Army
An army consisting of four brigades (viz., chariots,
elephants, cavalry and infantry), which fears not battle wounds; is the prime asset
of all wealth held by a king. 761
The firmness to stay not fearing for battle wounds in
the midst of setbacks and heavy killings is impossible to any unit other than an
age-old veteran force. 762
What does it matter if an enemy army of rats roars like a sea, for it will disappear hearing the hissing noise of a cobra? 763
The aged-old force with no defeat ever and not prone
to corruption which gives in not despite great damage and run-away deserves to
be commended as army. 764
An army should offer unified resistance valiantly,
even when the foe’s army pushes forward in great fury like the Lord of Death;
as if to wipe-out all the soldiers.
765
Bravery, reputation, discipline and leader`s
confidence are the four effective shields of protection to an army. 766
An army deserves that name when it breaks through the
dust raised by the foe’s oncoming frontline soldiers, after ascertaining their enduring
power. 767
An army with no winning skill or staying power may
also gain the pride of win, if it puts-up an illusion of strong army per grand
display of its men and arms. 768
An army is assured of its win, when not affected by arrogance,
aversion to superiors and the deficiency of ration or arsenal. 769
Though the army may have an infinite number of brave soldiers,
it is of no use when it has no able Generals to lead them. 770
78 The Military Pride
“Oh, you foes ! Please confront not my chief. Many of those who challenged my leader are now
standing as memorial-stones”. 771
Carrying
the spear that failed to
hit an elephant adds
to one`s glory,
than holding the arrow that pierced through a wild rabbit. 772
The valour (‘PeraaNmai’) is to be ruthless against a
foe in a battle-field. But being kind to
an enemy when in calamity gives an edge to that valor. 773
A warrior loses the hand-spear aimed at an elephant.
He looks for another spear but finds none except the one on his chest, which he
plucks with a smile. 774
Will it not be a sign of taking to heels by a warrior,
when his wide open eyes winks at the enemy’s spear hurled at him? 775
A warrior would keep apart those days passed-off
without battle wound, as wasted days in his life span. 776
The brave wishing for the world-wide fame risk their
lives, and wear the anklet as a sign of bravery; which gives the look of a
decked-up lady. 777
The veteran soldiers who fear not war but ready to
risk their lives, do not decline in their discipline or lose their fighting
spirit even when frowned upon by the king.778
Who will dare criticize the failure of those valiant
heroes, who pledged to win but fell in action despite furious fight? 779
If a warrior dies fighting eliciting tears in the king’s
eyes, in admiration of the hero’s bravery; such a death deserves to be sought
for even by begging.
780
Natpu Iyal : 79 Friendships
Is there anything else as complex as attaining a
friendship? Is there a better guard as that of friendship to protect one from the
designs of foes?
781
Friendship of the virtuous grows
like a rising moon, and that of
the fools fades out like the waning of full
moon. 782
Connection with the virtuous brings out new dimensions
of their personality with every meet, akin to a text revealing its niceties
with every reading. 783
Making friendship is not just to giggle and pass time.
It is to volunteer and chide a friend when he goes wrong crossing the limit. 784
No need for frequent interactions between friends,
because it is mutual understanding and the union of hearts that gives rise to a
bond of friendship. 785
Beaming up smile to the face is not friendship, but a
smile should cheer-up the heart.
786
A friendship is that which shares your grief, rescues you
from the ruinous trail and makes you walk the path of virtue. 787
Friendship should hasten up to remove instantly the
distress of a friend, like the reflexive act of one’s hands rushing up to hold the
loosening loin cloth.
788
If asked, “ what is the
crowning glory to a true
friendship?”, it is the state of
strain-free relationship that stands
support in all possible ways. 789
Friends making claims to say, “ He is such
and such to me and I am this
to him”; will
debase the purity of friendship. 790
80 Testing
Friendship
There is no greater evil than making a friendship
without testing. Once a friendship made there
is no escape, to those who cherish it in heart.
791
The friendship made without repetitive inquiry into the
character of a person, in the end it will give a lasting grief that causes
one’s death. 792
Make friendship after ascertaining the facts about
one’s character, family tradition, shortcomings and details of the constant
company. 793
The friendship of one, who hails from a good family feeling
shy of sinful acts, should be sought even paying a price for it. 794
Select a friendship of the able one, who elicits tears
by a swaying talk on your wrongs and if needed bold to censure you; briefing
the customs of the world. 795
Every calamity has some definite benefit, for it
proves a handy tool to judge fully the loyalty of friends.
796
The act of severing completely one’s association with
the fools is indeed a rewarding event.
797
Do not think of those thoughts or deeds that shrivel
your heart, so also do not make friendship of those prone to leave you mid-way
while in anguish. 798
The thought of a friend, who breaks friendship during
the hard times, will hurt even in death
bed when one recalls the past events. 799
Embrace the friendship of blameless but reject those not
in agreement with the customs of the world even giving something. 800
81 Intimate
Friendship
If questioned what is the intimacy, it is deep
friendship that denounces not to any degree, the actions taken in exercise of the right arising
from intimacy. 801
Main attribute of a friendship is intimacy (that acts
voluntarily to safeguard the friend’s interest). It is duty of the wise to
stand by such an act with no dissent.
802
If one does not put up with the friend’s voluntary act
without any demur, what is the use of a cherished friendship? 803
If one acts voluntarily from out of intimacy to
safeguard a friend’s interest without consulting him, the wise will not protest
but welcome it because of desirability.
804
If an intimate friend
does something painful to you,
take it
either as an act of
ignorance or as an act done with honest intent to safeguard your interest. 805
Those cherishing friendship knowing the limitations, even
in the midst of great loss will not cut-off
an intimate friendship that stood by them
in distress. 806
Intimate friends since long out of mutual love and
affection will not sever relationship, even if a ruinous damage was done. 807
To those capable of upholding intimacy not listening
to the tell tales about a friend, if he does a wrong then the days spent with
him will be deemed as wasted. 808
The world loves those who sever not the friendship of
age-old intimacy that sustained with no break from generation to
generation. 809
Even those who do not like would admire such men maintaining
the age-old friendship not drifting from traditional courteousness. 810
82 Evil Friendship
The intimacy of those with no good manners, but who
pretend excessive love as if to swallow one; is better allowed to decline than grow. 811
The friendship of those who remain friends when there
is some gain and sever when none, it is of no effect whether such a friendship
sustains or gets severed. 812
A friend who weighs the gain, a sex-worker draining
the customer’s assets, and the robber who loots; all the three are of same
category. 813
The solitude is more desirable than the friendship of
such men, who behave like the untrained horse that runs away throwing off its
master in the battle-field. 814
It is better not to go for than possess the friendship
of worthless despicable men, who protect not a trusting friend when in dire
need. 815
Coldness shown by wise-men is ten million times
worthier than very close connection of the fools. 816
Hostility of an enemy is worth a hundred million times,
than the kinship of those friends who pass time in fun and laughter. 817
The friendship of one, who obstructs execution of a
work that is feasible, is better allowed to fade out slowly giving no indication. 818
The relationship of men, whose actions contravene their
spoken words, is painful to recall even in one`s dream.
819
Foster not to any degree kinship of the wicked men,
who behave friendly in your presence, but talk ill of you in a public assembly.
820
83 False Friendship
The friendship that pretends with no inner warmth is
akin to an anvil-the ‘Pattadai” base that supports an iron piece; till
it is cut-off at an apt moment. 821
Relationship of those who pretend as friends but not
in the hearts will vary, like the
moods of a woman (perhaps in relation to the biological variant). 822
It is difficult to become good-hearted to those
hostile within, though they may have read many good moral books. 823
One should fear the deceiver, who smiles outwardly but
thinks evil in the heart.824
Place not least faith on those who do not dwell in
your heart, believing their tempting words. 825
The hostile man may feign as a friend speaking warm
words, but the true intent of those words will get exposed soon. 826
Do not be misled by
self-effacing humble sweet words of
the
foes, because the bend of a bow
is designed to harm. 827
A fatal weapon can be hidden even within one’s folded hands
paying respect. So also tears shed by
the enemy may carry an evil intent. 828
Beware of men, who flatter much in public but mock
within. Be friendly with such men, but
kill that false relationship silently when a fitting moment emerges. 829
When need arises to be sociable with an enemy, pretend
cordiality with a smile but with no warmth within; and allow even that fake
friendship to fade out. 830
84 On Folly or Stupidity
If one wants to know what the stupidity is, it is allowing
the gain to let-go holding fast to the one that brings distress. 831
Greatest folly of all the follies is that act, which
opts for a deed not befitting one’s nature. 832
Notable traits of the fools are viz., no shame to do wicked
acts, no zeal to pursue a goal, no fellow feeling and no concern to preserve any precious thing. 833
There cannot be a greater fool than a fool, who being
learned controls not his passions; though understanding and capable of teaching
others 834
A fool by sinful acts during his birth builds up a weight
that plunges him into the mire with no escape forever including the off-springs
over generations. 835
When a fool takes up a trade with no knowledge, he will
not only fail but may also suffer imprisonment (for wrong doings). 836
When a fool comes into possession of huge wealth, the strangers
will enjoy it to their satisfaction, while his kith and kin go starving. 837
It is akin to a mad man going wobbly consuming liquor,
if a fool is to come in possession of a precious wealth.
838
As severance of relationship will not cause any pain, the
association of fools is a thing of great delight.
839
A fool entering the hall of worthy scholars, is akin
to the act of stepping on a clean bed with the dirty feet. 840
85 Self-importance (Vanity)
Lack of wisdom is considered the poverty of poverty and
the world does not consider want of other things as indigence. 841
A fool giving something happily is not for any other
reason except that it is the good-luck of a receiver. 842
Fools inviting troubles unto them by their own acts, is
something that cannot be meted out even by their enemies. 843
What is called ignorance is the conceit that assumes
self, “we are intelligent”. 844
A dubious claim by a man to possess knowledge of the Text
not studied, will prompt the learned to distrust him even on the faultless knowledge
he has got. 845
When one was not able to remove the dirt of mind, the
draping of one’s nakedness is foolishness. 846
A fool, who absorbs not the great truths despite getting
an opportunity, will bring upon himself a great misery. 847
To a person who neither acts as per instructions of
the wise nor knows himself what to choose, his life will prove an irksome
disease till the end. 848
A fool not realizing the truth feigns himself an intelligent
as understood by him. The person trying to let know the truth to an ignorant will
find himself a fool. 849
A man, who denies what the world asserts to exist, is
deemed an evil spirit haunting the earth. 850
86 Hostility
The difference of opinion or disagreement is common to
all. It is a disease that promotes the coarseness of division. 851
Even if one metes out loathsome harms due to
disagreement, it is healthy not to harm in return as to avoid promoting hatred. 852
If one gets rid of
the germ of hatred
breeding dreadful evil, it will
confer on one a lasting flawless fame. 853
If hostility the grief of all misery dies down, it
will give one an ideal happiness outdoing all the other joys. 854
Who will wish to subdue a person, who befriends even those
opposed to him? 855
To a person who believes that nurturing enmity is
sweeter, his fall due to
drain of wealth and
loss of health is not
too far. 856
The malicious fools fostering hatred are not aware of the
core truth of unity in diversity that helps promote benign harmony. 857
The tendency not to fall apart due to differences will
promote prosperity. If it is encouraged
to get widened, it will hasten up one’s ruin. 858
A person ignores differences when the prosperity
enriches him, but the one who wants to hasten up one’s ruin promotes the differences.
859
All bad things happen because of the differences. Those
who foster friendliness will be the proud owners of enjoyable benefits. 860
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